Imiterere y’ukwezi kwa Gicurasi 2025

Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe iteganyagihe, cyanditse ku rukuta rwacyo rwa twitter (X) ko muri uku kwezi kwa Gicurasi kose, imvura izaba iri hagati ya milimetero 50-250 ndetse ko izaba iri hejuru gato y’ikigero cy’impuzandengo y’isanzwe igwa, muri uku kwezi. Cyanavuze ko Umuyaga uzaba uringaniye ushyira kuba mwinshi, ufite umuvuduko uzaba uri hagati ya metero 4 na 10 ku isegonda.

Mu gice cya mbere n’icya gatatu, ni ukuvuga kuva ku wa 01-10 na 11-20 na 21 kugeza ukwezi kurangiye, hateganyijwe imvura iri hejuru gato y’isanzwe igwa. Ubushyuhe bwo hasi buteganyijwe buzaba buri hagati ya dogere selisiyusi 6 na 14.

Muri rusange, ubushyuhe buteganyijwe buri ku kigero cy’ubushyuhe busanzwe buboneka mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi. Umuyaga uringaniye ushyira kuba mwinshi, ufite umuvuduko uri hejuru ya metero 4 na metero 10 ku isegonda, ni wo uteganyijwe muri Gicurasi.

Imvura iri hagati ya milimetero 200 na 250 ni yo nyinshi iteganyijwe muri Gicurasi, mu gice kinini cy’Uturere twa Burera, Musanze, Gakenke, Rubavu, Nyabihu, Ngororero, Karongi na Nyamasheke, mu gice cyo hagati cy’Akarere ka Rusizi, n’Uburasirazuba by’Akarere ka Rutsiro.

Imvura iri hagati ya milimetero 150 na 200 iteganyijwe mu bice bisigaye by’Intara y’Uburengerazuba n’iy’Amajyaruguru, uretse igice gito cy’Amajyepfo y’Akarere ka Gicumbi, iteganyijwe kandi mu turere twa Nyamagabe, Nyaruguru, ibice byinshi by’Akarere ka Muhanga, Amajyaruguru y’Akarere ka Kamonyi, Uburengerazuba bw’Akarere ka Ruhango, ndetse n’Amajyepfo y’Akarere ka Gisagara.

Imvura iri hagati ya milimetero 100 na 150 iteganyijwe mu bice bisigaye by’Intara y’Amajyepfo, uretse Uburasirazuba bw’Akarere ka Kamonyi. Iyi mvura kandi iteganyijwe mu Majyaruguru y’Umujyi wa Kigali, uburengerazuba bw’Uturere twa Nyagatare na Gatsibo, igice cyo hagati cy’Akarere ka Kayonza n’Amajyepfo y’Uturere twa Kirehe na Gicumbi. Ahasigaye mu gihugu hateganyijwe imvura iri hagati ya milimetero 50 na 100.  

Ubushyuhe buteganyijwe bwo hejuru kurusha ahandi, buzaba buri hejuru ya dogere selisiyusi 28 na 30, ni mu bice byo hagati mu mujyi wa Kigali no mu kibaya cya Bugarama. 

Naho ibice byinshi by’Uturere twa Musanze, Nyabihu, Ngororero, Amajyaruguru y’Akarere ka Burera, Uburengerazuba bw’Akarere ka Nyamagabe ndetse no mu Burasirazuba bw’Uturere twa Rubavu na Rutsiro, ni ho hateganyijwe ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buke buri hagati ya dogere selisiyusi 18 na 20.

Ahantu hateganywa ubushyuhe buri hasi kurusha ahandi buri hagati ya dogere selisiyusi 6 na 8 ni mu bice binini bw’Uturere twa Nyabihu, Ngororero, Rusizi, Nyamagabe na Nyaruguru. Uburengerazuba bw’Akarere ka Musanze, Uburasirazuba bw’Uturere twa Rubavu, Rutsiro na Nyamasheke ndetse n’Amajyepfo y’Akarere ka Burera. 

Mu gihe mu bice by’Umujyi wa Kigali n’iby’Uturere twa Nyagatare, Gatsibo na Kayonza n’Amajyaruguru y’Akarere ka Kirehe, ariho hateganyijwe ubushyuhe bwo hasi bwinshi buri hagati ya dogere selisiyusi 12 na 14.                       

Ibikoresho kuri meteo Rwanda ni cyo bikora

 Iyakaremye Vedaste ushinzwe gusesengura no kubika ibisubizo byavuye mu bipimo, yavuze ko iki kigo kibarizwa muri Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije.

Yavuze ko icyo kigo gishinzwe gusesengura impinduka z’ikirere bakabigeza ku banyarwanda n’abandi bakora imirimo itandukanye, kugira ngo abafashe mu kubungabunga ibikorwa byabo.

Ibyo bikorwa kugira ngo bidahungabanya ubuzima bwabo, muri izo nshingano Leta yabahaye, bakora ibikorwa bitandukanye.

Icyo kigo gifite ibipimo by’ikirere n’ibikoresho bitandukanye, bafite station za meteo 132 mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu, aho baba bafite abakozi n’abakorerabushake, kuko baba barahuguwe, abo babafasha gufata ibipimo, by’imvura n’ubushyuhe.

Ibyo bipimo biva hirya no hino babifata rimwe ku munsi, bakabyohereza ku cyicaro gikuru i Kigali, babifata saa mbiri z’igitondo, bakerekana ko hariya imvura yaguye cyangwa itaguye, ubushyuhe bungana gutya mu gihugu.

Bapima ibijyanye n’umuyaga, bapima n’ibijyanye n’ubuhinzi (humidité), hari n’ibindi bipimo biri automatique, bitanga amakuru buri segonda 10, bakaba bazifite mu duce 107 mu gihugu hose, bafite ahantu 98 hapima ibijyanye n’imvura, ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga (automatique).

Bakagira ibipimo bita Radar ifata mu kirere (scaner) igafata ibijyanye n’imvura, ibicu, ingano y’imvura, ese imvura irimo amahindu.

Iyo radar ibafasha kumenya ikirimo igicu, kiremereye cyangwa kitaremereye, kibafasha gusesengura ingano y’umuyaga, uturuka he, ugana he, ese waba uturuka ku Nyanja ya Victoria, ko uwo muyaga ushobora kugera mu Rwanda igihe kingana gutya.

Hari indi baruni iteganyijwe kuzubakwa mu Karere ka Huye, bateganya kuzabona mu kwezi kwa cyenda uyu mwaka, kuko bamaze kubona abazayiboherereza, kuko yoherezwa mu kirere mu birometero 34 hejuru, ikagenda ifata ibipimo by’umuyaga, ibicu, ishobora gutanga ibisubizo ahantu hangana n’ibirometero 200.

Icyo gipimo gishobora kuzabafasha aho radar itarebaga, icyo gikoresho bazakibona mu kwezi kwa cyenda. Ibyo bikoresho bitandukanye ni byo bibafasha kumenya umuvuduko w’umuyaga, uri ku kigero runaka.

Station ya mbere mu Rwanda yashyinzwe mu1907, yazanywe n’Abakoroni i Save izanywe n’Aba misiyoneri, ako bifashishaga akadobo.

Uko igihe cyagiye kigenda, ni ko tekinoloji yagiye yiyongera, na n’ubu biracyiyongera harimo za mudasobwa n’ibindi.                       

Meteo Rwanda, ikorana n’abantu bakora imihanda, babikora bashingiye ku bipimo baba babahaye, kumenya imiterere y’ubwo butaka hanyura umuhanda, ubuhehere bwaho n’ibindi.

Iyo abantu bakunze kuvuga ngo ‘‘imihindagurikire y’ikirere’’, ukwiriye kubanza kumenya uko byahoze, ukabigereranya n’ubu n’igihe kizaza, hari ikibitera bijyanye n’ingaruka z’ibyakozwe bitari bisanzwe.

Bagerageza kugereranya ibihe uko byahoze n’ubu ngubu, kumenya igihe cy’imvura yakagombye kuba yatangiye, aho ni ho bahera bavuga ko habayeho, ihindagurika ry’ikirere, bakora ubushakashatsi, niba bigarutse nyuma y’igihe runaka, nk’imyaka 5 ishize, urugero ‘‘el nino’’, ubwiyongere bw’ubushyuhe mu Nyanja ya Pacifique. 

Ibyo bikunze gupimwa nyuma y’imyaka 30, niba ntacyahindutse. Ibyo bifasha abakora ubushakashatsi ku byiciro birenga 30, plan y’igihugu. Minema, barakorana, ingano y’imvura uko yanganaga, ingaruka y’inkangu, kuko usanga ari uruhurirane bw’ubutaka buba bwasomye, ugasanga ubutaka buraridutse.

Hari abibaza niba imiyaga yadutse mu Ubushinwa, nta ngaruka ko yagera no mu Rwanda, n’ingaruka y’ituruka mu nyanja ya Indiyana.

Ubushyuhe bwo hasi n’ubwo hejuru bw’umunsi, hari ibipimo bishinzwe kubikora yabaye buri munsi yitwa terimometere. Ubushyuhe bw’umunsi buboneka saa cyenda zigicamunsi naho ibindi bipimo bw’ubushyuhe bukaboneka saa munani zijoro, bukemezwa ejo saa mbiri za mugitondo.

Bafite station 13 mu gihugu, bakagira n’ibindi bipimo 132, iziri automatique zirenga 100, ziri mu gihugu ahantu hose, saa mbiri havamo isesengura ryaturutse mu gihugu hose, abari mu intara barabyohereza na bo, bugahuzwa n’ubwo ku cyicaro gikuru i Kigali.

Buri gikoresho kigomba kuba kibitse ahabugenewe, kuko hari ikiba kiri mu irangi ry’umweru, kuko ntacyo imirasire y’izuba igikoraho, bafite ibuye rimara imyaka 4 bitewe n’imiterere yaryo mu gipimo, kuko amabuye akoreshwa, n’ayo mabuye amara igihe kinini.

Hari igipimo gishinzwe uko amazi ayayuka (Evaporation) amazi arimo ni ‘‘eau pure’’, uko ibishanga, imigezi ikamuka, icyo gikoresho cyerekana uko bigenda.

Meteo Rwanda ifite igipimo gifasha kumenya ubuhehere, kuko bapima buri isaha kugeza saa kumi n’ebyiri zumugoroba, ibyo bifasha abashaka gukora ubushakashatsi, haba kuri station y’ibibuga by’indege nka Kanombe, Kamembe, Rubavu na Musanze na Bugesera barateganya kuzahashyira indi station mu gihe ikibuga kizaba cyuzuye.

Ibindi bikoresho byifashishwa kuva saa kumi n’ebyiri za mugitondo kugeza saa kumi n’ebyiri z’umugoroba, Busogo mu iteganyagihe ikunzwe kugarukwaho, kubera imiterere y’ibirunga, kuko hakunze gukonja. '‘Sun track’’, ni igikoresho cyifashishwa, gipima icyerekezo izuba ririmo, ijisho ryacu ritabireba, hari ‘‘banque evaporatoire’’.

Igisubizo bw’ubumenyi bw’ikirere: Antoni Twahirwa Antoni Umuyobozi ushinzwe iteganyagihe mu Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe iteganyagihe (meteo Rwanda) mu kiganiro n’Itangazamakuru, yavuze ko icyumba bakoreramo ari cyo gishinzwe isesengura ry’ikirere ry’iteganyagihe, bagakoresha ibipimo bitandukanye.

Ubupimiro bukoreshwa hirya no hino bimwe n’ubwo ikoranabuhanga, hari ubuturuka mu karere, bakagira ibyuma bikorana n’ibyogajuru, hari ikigaragaza buri iminota 15 ku isi hose, ibipimo biva hirya no hino ku isi no mu gihugu, ibyo byose barabisesengura, bakabikuramo amakuru.

Bafite ibyiciro bitandukanye biva ku munota umwe kugera ku minota cyumi n’itanu, hari igihera ku munota umwe bikagera ku masaha 72, hari igikoresho gipima kiburira ko hagiye kuba imvura nyinshi, umuyaga mwinshi, icyo cyegeranyo hari icyo iminsi 3, icyo iminsi itanu, icyo iminsi 7 n’icyo iminsi 10.

Icyo iminsi 3 n’icyo 5, bagitanga buri munsi, mu kwezi bagira ibyiciro bitatu, icyo iminsi icyumi, iminsi 11 kugera 20, kuva 21 kugeza mu mpera z’ukwezi bijyanye n’iminsi ukwezi gufite.

Icyiciro kirekire, harimo iteganyagihe rya buri ukwezi gutangiye, batanga icyegeranyo cy’ukuntu ukwezi kuzaba guteye, hakaba icya amezi 3, aho abahinzi borozi bagikenera cyane, nacyo baragitanga, bakerekana uko amezi atatu azaba ateye, abantu bakunze amezi y’imvura ukwa 3 kugeza ukwa 5 n’ukwa 9 kugeza ukwa 12.

N’andi mezi berekana impinduka z’ikirere uko zimeze, bakagira icyegeranyo cy’igihe kirekire kirambye cy’imyaka irenze 30, kugeza ubu bakaba bafite icyegeranyo kugera mu 20100, ni ukuvuga imyaka 70 iri imbere, bakakubwira uko ikirere kizaba giteye mu Rwanda, ni ukuvuga impinduka z’ikirere mu gihe kirambye.

Ibyo byegeranyo ni ko bikorerwa ku cyicaro cy’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Iteganyagihe (meteo Rwanda), ibyo bipimo byose barabifite.

Iyo bagiye gukora icyegeranyo cyose biyambaza ibyo bipimo, iyo bamaze kubikora, babyoherereza abagenerwabikorwa, bakoresha itangazamakuru, bakabitangariza abagenerwabikorwa.

Uko ugenda uteganya igihe kirekire nibwo hashobora kuba impinduka nyinshi, ariko mu gihe uteganya igihe kigufi, ni ko haboneka impinduka uko ziteye, zitanga ibisubizo nyabyo.

Iteganyagihe ry’umunsi bishobora kuvamo icyizere 100%, kuko iteganyagihe cy’imyaka 70 hashobora kuba impinduka nyinshi.

Kugeza ubu meteo Rwanda, ihamya ko imvura izageza mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa gatanu, nubwo hashobora kuba impinduka, ikirere kikivumbagatanya, kigatanga imvura nyinshi, kuko byabaye ubushize, ati ‘‘tubona ko imvura izageza ku mpera z’ukwezi kwa gatanu’’. Ati ‘‘Abahinzi n’aborozi turabaha icyizere ko mu kirere turabona hakiri imvura’’.

Umuyaga: Inkubi z’umuyaga uturuka mu Bushinwa n’ahandi ntabwo ujya urenga koma y’isi, iyo zirenze zicika ingufu, nko mu majyepfo y’Afurika, iyo zigeze ku nkengero y’Afurika inkubi z’imiyaga zihita zirangira.

Ubusesenguzi: Iyo hari ubushyuhe bugenda bwiyongera, ubona ko aho hantu hari ikintu kidasanzwe cyahakozwe, nko kuhatema ishyamba, cyangwa ishyamba ryarahiye, ukibaza icyahakorerwa. 

Iyo abantu batemye ishyamba, amazi yafatwaga n’iryo shyamba, aba atagifite gitangira, kuko uko yinjiraga mu butaka yatangaga ubuhehere, bigatanga ikime, usanga kitakibaho.

Ikime gituruka ku bukonje, ku buhehere bw’umwuka buba bwiganje, hari igihe usanga bijyanye n’imiterere y’ahantu hamwe buhari, ahandi budahari.                        

Urugero: mu gikombe cya Nyabarongo, usanga igihu cyiganje, ariko ugasanga ahandi kidahari, iyo uzamutse mu mpinga za Shyorongi, usanga kinyura ahantu runaka, ahandi ugasanga ntakiriho, kuko uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera mu butaka burayayuka. Ikime iyo izuba rivuye kiragenda, kubera ubushyuhe, haba habaye ‘‘Evaporation’’.                  

Inkuba: Mu kirere hari ubwoko bw’ibicu 10 harimo nigitanga inkuba, ibyo bicu ni uko bitanga ibicu bitandukanye, ni nako bigusha imvura bitandukanye. Inkuba ziva mu gicu gifite ubuhehere bwinshi, amazi menshi, noneho gifite n’umuyaga uzamuka, icyo gicu iyo kiri ku mazi bacyita isata, usanga cyijimye, iyo kiri ahantu gishobora kumara umunsi wose, kubera ko kiba gifite imiyaga izamuka n’imanuka, ni naho usanga imiyaga, igenda ikoranaho, haba harimo urubura n’ibitonyanga by’imvura, bigatera amashanyarazi, akaba ari yo avamo imirabyo iherekejwe n’inkuba.

Nubwo kugeza ubu nta bushakashatsi burakorwa kubitera inkuba, bihuza ibiri hejuru y’ubutaka n’ibiri munsi y’ubutaka, birazwi ko ahantu mu misozi ari hakuzwe kwibasirwa, uko umwuka ugenda uzamuka ni ko ugenda ukonja, ukaza kurema cya gicu, kikaza gutanga imvura.

Usanga ibyo bicu byiganje aho hantu hari imisozi, ari nayo mpamvu usanga ahantu nka za Rutsiro n’ahandi h’imisozi miremire, hakunze kwibasirwa n’inkuba, kuko iyo n’iyo miterere yaho hantu, nta kintu wakora ngo ubashe kuyikumira.

Imbogamizi mu iteganyagihe: Impamvu ishobora gutuma iteganyagihe ritagerwaho ni umuyaga, hari igicu gishobora gutanga imvura mu kanya, hakaza inkokobotsi y’umuyaga, ikaza ikakivana aha ikakijyana ahandi.

Nta bushobozi waba ufite yo gutuma kitagenda, ikindi ni ubushyuhe buyayura, hakavuka icyuka gishyushye, kikayayura cya gicu, ugasanga imvura yari yitezwe, ihise yayuka ntumenye aho igiye.

Ibihugu birangwamo intambara bivubura ibyotsi mu kirere na byo bishobora gutera ubwandu mu kirere, ndetse n’iruka ry’ibirunga, kuko ikirere kiba gishyushye, igihe cyari cyitezweho imvura ikabura, kubera ubushyuhe bwinshi, harimo ubwandu bwinshi, ni yo yagwa, usanga harimo ubwandu bw’ikirere bwinshi, hakiyongera ibyuka by’imodoka, byangiza ikirere bikamara imyaka myinshi mu kirere.

Ingaruka: Ibyo bituma akayunguruzo k’isi, kagenda kangirika, ni yo mpamvu imvura igwa igihe kitari icyayo cyangwa yagwa ikagwa nabi, imvura yari kugwa ukwezi kose, ikagwa umunsi umwe, bigatera amapfa adasanzwe.

 Uruhererekane bw’ubumenyi bw’ikirere: Ibipimo biva ku isi nta kiguzi gitangwa, kuko ingaruka zigera ku isi yose, amakuru yakusanyijwe atangwa ahantu hose nta kiguzi, kuko amakuru aturuka mu inyanja y’Abahindi na Pasifike, aboneka nta kiguzi, ni nako ibipimo bituruka hano, bitangwa ahandi nta kiguzi.

Abakora mu iteganyagihe ku isi, basangira amakuru bakayahanahana nta kiguzi, kuko bashinzwe umutekano w’abantu n’ibintu, bahana ibipimo n’amakuru nta kiguzi, kandi nubwo ibihugu byagirana amakimbirane, ariko abashinzwe ubumenyi bw’ikirere icyo kibazo ntabwo bo cyababaho, kuko bashinzwe ubuzima bw’abantu n’ibintu ko bagomba guhora bari maso, ngo bakumire ibiza byose byagera ku bantu.

Ikirere nta mupaka kigira, iyo bateganya bifashisha ibipimo byo ku isi, ko ubushyuhe bwo mu inyanja ngari bwiyongera, kwiyongera kwabwo bituma ikirere cyacu gihinduka.

Basanda Ns Oswald