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Malawi: Mu kaga k’ibura rya Peteroli n'ubuzima bugoye
Mu mihanda ya Malawi, cyane cyane mu mijyi nka Lilongwe, Blantyre na Mangochi, abaturage bahangayikishijwe no gushaka igitoro aho gusubira mu buzima busanzwe. Imodoka ziparitse mu mirongo miremire, zitegereje kwaka igitoro gisa nk'icyaburiwe irengero. Ibikomoka kuri peteroli byabaye bike mu buryo buteye impungenge, bituma ubuzima bwa buri munsi burushaho kuba ingorabahizi.
Iki kibazo cy’ibura ry’igitoro kimaze igihe kinini muri Malawi, kandi kiragenda kiba ikibazo gikomeye ku rwego rw’igihugu.
Ibikomoka kuri peteroli biboneka gake, kandi aho biboneka, igiciro cyabyo cyazamutse inshuro zirenze eshanu ugereranyije n’igiciro cyari giteganyijwe na leta. Urubyiruko rwinshi rutagira akazi, rwatangiye kugurisha igitoro ku giciro kiri hejuru cyane, bakagikura ku isoko rya magendu, bakakagurisha mu macupa n’utubido. Ubu ni bumwe mu buryo bwo kuramuka, ariko bugira ingaruka ku baturage benshi badafite ubushobozi bwo kukigura.
Mu gace k’amajyepfo ka Mangochi, bamwe mu baganiriye n’abanyamakuru bemeje ko bagiye kugurisha igitoro cyabo ku bashoramari bafite ibinyabiziga, kugira ngo babone amafaranga yo kugura ibyo kurya. “Ntitugishobora guhitamo; tugurisha lisansi kugira ngo tubone icyo kurya,” umwe muri bo yabivuze atyo, yihishe mu mfuruka ngo atamenyekana.
Ubuzima burushaho kuba bubi
Ibura ry’igitoro ryagize ingaruka nyinshi ku bikorwa byose by’igihugu: imodoka nyinshi zidakora, gutwara ibicuruzwa bikadindira, imirimo myinshi igahagarara, ibigo bikagabanya amasaha y’akazi cyangwa bikifunga. Ibi byose bibaye mu gihe abaturage bamaze imyaka myinshi barimo guhangana n’ikibazo cy’amashanyarazi abura buri kanya n’ibiciro by’ibiribwa biri hejuru.
Ibiciro ku masoko byarazamutse cyane, aho iby’ibanze nk’umuceri, ifu y’ubugari n’amavuta yo guteka byazamutse hejuru ya 30%. Nubwo ibi byose byahungabanyije ubukungu, imishahara y’abakozi ntiyigeze izamuka. Bivuze ko ubushobozi bwo kugura ibicuruzwa bwarushijeho kugabanuka ku baturage basanzwe.
Ikibazo cy’igitoro cyagaragajwe cyane nk’ingaruka y’ibura ry’amadolari igihugu gikeneye ngo kigure peteroli hanze. Malawi isanzwe itumiza igitoro cyayo ku masoko mpuzamahanga, kandi kuba ifite amadolari make cyane bituma bidashoboka kugura ibikenewe.
Perezida Lazarus Chakwera, aherutse gusaba imbabazi mu ijambo rye kuri televiziyo, yemera ko ikibazo cy’ibikomoka kuri peteroli ari umutwaro uremereye ku baturage. Yashinje abategetsi bamwe bamunzwe na ruswa kuba baratobye isoko y’igitoro no gutuma ibintu birushaho kuzamba. Ibiro bye byatangaje ko hari ibikorwa birimo gukorwa byo kugarura isoko mu buryo buteganijwe n’amategeko, ariko abaturage ntibabibona mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi.
