According to Iran’s judiciary news outlet, Mizan, Vadi met Mossad agents five times in Vienna, Austria, where he reportedly provided intelligence that helped plan the strike that led to the scientist's assassination. The Supreme Court upheld his death sentence, which was carried out on Wednesday.

Vadi is the eighth person executed in Iran this year on charges of collaborating with Israeli intelligence. Tehran has pledged to continue prosecuting those it accuses of betraying the nation, especially amid increasing espionage tensions with Israel.

In recent years, Iran has accused Israel of assassinating its nuclear experts, conducting cyberattacks on state facilities, and carrying out covert operations. The 2020 killing of Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, a leading nuclear scientist, remains a notable example of this shadow conflict.

International human rights organizations have condemned Vadi’s execution, arguing he was denied a fair trial and that the sentence was politically motivated. Iranian authorities maintain that all legal procedures were followed to safeguard national security and sovereignty.

The death of Rouzbeh Vadi highlights the escalating covert conflict between Iran and Israel, characterized by espionage, cyber warfare, and targeted killings. While Israel has not publicly commented on Vadi’s execution, analysts say it signals a deepening of hostilities between the two regional rivals.

Iran continues to enforce strict measures against those accused of leaking state secrets or cooperating with foreign intelligence, asserting that such actions threaten the country’s stability and development.